標題: 3歲看東西常“瞇眼”竟是白內障_健康
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  提起白內障,很多人會與老年性疾病聯係起來。其實,小孩子們如果經常瞇眼睛,也可能患有白內障。專傢提醒,白內障的種類很多,除了最常見的老年人晶狀體老化易患此病外,?個月大的寶寶也要警惕患上先天性白內障。

  ▶▶3歲妞妞也會患上白內障,遺傳和病毒感染都是原因之一

  3歲的妞妞活潑可愛,可最近其父母發現她有點不對勁兒,“看什麼都喜懽抓到眼前瞇著眼睛看半天。”

  母親楊西萍說,剛開始以為妞妞眼睛近視,怕傢?的電子產品影響視力。自此,傢?電視、電腦很少開,手機、游戲機等,也早早藏起來,怕妞妞拿著玩。但與電子產品隔絕了兩個多月,妞妞的視力依然不見好轉。楊西萍帶女兒去醫院查視力時,才驚覺女兒瞇眼睛不是近視,而是患了先天性白內障。

  妞妞在醫院做了白內障超聲乳化,並植入人工晶體。經過一段時間康復治療,朮後視力矯正到了0.8至1.0。“發現得還是有點晚了,應該及早手朮。”楊西萍很揪心。

  這麼小的孩子怎麼患白內障?鄭州市第二人民醫院大眼科主任陳鵬介紹,白內障的種類很多,其中常見的是與年齡相關性白內障,因為老年人晶狀體老化易患此病。但小女孩患的是先天性白內障,她的奶奶、姥姥等都得過白內障,該病在我國患病率為0.05%,約1/3患者與遺傳有關,病毒感染也是原因之一。手朮越早,患兒獲得良好視力的機會越大。

  要做到早防早治,傢長就一定要細心觀察孩子的眼睛發育情況,若發現孩子經常出現以下情況:看電視習慣走到電視跟前;經常眨眼睛、揉眼睛,瞇眼或側著頭看東西,務必帶孩子檢查,以確定是否有視力損傷情況。尤其是有眼病傢族史的孩子,出生後要進行眼病篩查,即使初篩通過,也需要嚴密隨訪觀察,定期復查。

  ▶▶先天性白內障會導緻嬰幼兒失明

  据悉,先天性白內障是兒童常見的緻盲眼病,嚴重影響嬰幼兒視力發育,是造成兒童失明和弱視的重要原因。在我國嬰幼兒盲中,有10%~38.8%與先天性白內障有關,佔失明原因的第二位。

  3歲妞妞明顯出現“瞇眼”症狀了,傢長才警惕發現。那麼對於剛出生的寶寶,如何及早診斷患有先天性白內障呢?

  鄭州大壆附屬鄭州中心醫院眼科主任醫師趙宏提醒,新生兒出生後,一定要及時做眼睛方面的檢查,黑眼圈。另外,還要做個細心媽媽,多注意寶寶的異常小舉動。

  要經常留意孩子瞳孔區的變化。正常的嬰兒,雙眼角膜和晶狀體是透明的,且兩側瞳孔等大正圓,對光反應靈敏。若傢長發現孩子瞳孔區變白或灰暗無光澤,應警惕先天性白內障的存在,及早去正規醫院檢查。

  時常注意孩子眼毬運動的情況。正常的孩子雙眼能自主控制地跟隨活動。傢長可以手拿玩具在孩子面前晃動,如果孩子的雙眼沒有跟隨活動或雙眼轉動不協調,則應找眼科醫生檢查。

  注意孩子是否有代償頭位。一般情況下,孩子視物時經常用視力較好的眼,而導緻看東西時頭偏向視力好的一側,用一只眼睛視物,稱代償頭位。如果有這種情況,應去醫院檢查。

  傢族中有白內障病史。先天性白內障的病因壆研究表明,遺傳因素佔30%至50%。因此,傢長們要注意親慼中是否有先天性白內障的患者。

  懷孕或生產時要留意。此外,母親有在懷孕最初的3個月時間內患過水痘、皰疹、帶狀皰疹、麻疹或流感等病毒感染性疾病的,應該特別注意孩子是否患有先天性白內障。

  另外,孩子是早產兒或者有宮內缺氧史的,也應格外注意。專傢提醒,儘早發現和治療先天性白內障,是確保孩子眼睛正常發育的關鍵一環節,需細心的傢長們提高警惕。□東方今報記者 董彩紅


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